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The "hysterical" Emily Hobhouse and Boer war concentration camp controversy

By Hasian, Marouf Jr
Publication: Western Journal of Communication
Date: Tuesday, April 1 2003
HEADNOTE

This essay provides a rhetorical analysis of some of the gender, class, and racial politics of the "concentration camp" controversy of the Anglo-Boer war. The author argues that a synchronic ideographic analysis of key colonial

fragments illustrates the ways that British and South African officials tried to create an image of a "hysterical" Emily Hobhouse, as a way of quelling the criticism of both the war and the camps. By investigating some of the newspaper accounts, diary entries, Parliamentary statements, and other contemporary documents, the author concludes that growing public pressure forced British administrators to eventually make needed reforms in the camps.

Key words: Boer war, concentration camps, hysteria, Emily Hobhouse, ideographic, rhetoric, synchronic

TODAY THERE ARE few citizens outside of South Africa or Britain who probably remember the name of Emily Hobhouse, but during the first decade of the twentieth century she was considered to be one of the most visible humanitarian critics of Britain's imperial policies (Nash, 1999). Before the outbreak of the Boer War in October of 1899, she had been working for the Women's Industrial Council, but after the conflict began she joined the newly minted South African Conciliation Committee (SACC). She also helped found the South African Women and Children Distress Fund, and when she learned about Britain's treatment of Afrikaner families during the Boer War, she set sail for the African continent so that she could supervise the delivery of funds and goods to needy victims of the war (Liddington, 1991, p. 48).

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