Violence is not always recognized as violence, as in child rearing. Among the African American community, it was once considered remiss to fail to use corporal punishment that was quite harsh and, even earlier, in time of slavery, it could be survival strategy. There are reasons to wish to have been raised in the South among those who gave a sense of wholeness to children despite racism. In 1997 in inner-city youth that is lacking. There are ways to heal from racism and other oppression and workshops, teaching and literature related to that are available from TODOS in Oakland, Calif.
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