Memory of the Dark Mother.

Black madonnas in Italy and other parts of Europe may reflect memories of the African dark mother from paleolithic migrations out of Africa. Pagan religious traditions continued in popular festivals such as the carnival of Mardi Gras. Resistance to patriarchy was maintained by godmothers, called 'le comari' in Italy, as well as by carnival rituals and pageants and rites of pilgrimage to black madonnas.

Resistance to Patriarchy of le comari of Monti Iblei, Sicily

The memory of the primordial dark mother and her values of nurturance, justice, and transformation have sur