NATO and the war on terrorism: a changing alliance. (The Shock Wave Abroad).(North Atlantic...

Less than 24 hours after the September 11 terrorist attacks on the United States, America's allies in the North Atlantic Treaty Organization came together to invoke the alliance's Article 5 defense guarantee--this "attack on one" was to be considered an "attack on all. "When it came time to implement that guarantee, however, in the form of the American-led military campaign in Afghanistan, NATO remained on the sidelines--by U.S. choice. The Americans decided not to ask for a NATO operation for both military and political reasons--only the United States had the right sort of equip