Business Glossary

an object-oriented programming language developed by Bjarne Stroustrup at Bell Laboratories in the mid-1980s as a successor to C. In C and C++, the expression C++ means "add 1 to C."

Figure 47 shows a program in C++. Comments are introduced by // and object types are declared as class. The part of an object that is accessible to the outside world is declared as public. For an explanation of what this program does,see object-oriented programming, where the equivalent Java code is explained.

In C++, input-output devices are known as streams. The statement
cout << "The answer is " << i;
sends "The answer is" and the value of i to the standard output stream. This provides a convenient way to print any kind of data for which a print method is defined.

C++ lets the programmer overload operators (give additional meanings to them). For example, + normally stands for integer and floating point addition. In C++, you can define it to do other things to other kinds of data, such as summing matrices or concatenating strings.

C++ is the basis of the Java and C# programming languages.

the statement in C and C++ that performs formatted output. For example, the statement
printf("The answer is %d\n",i):
prints "The answer is," then the value of i as a decimal integer, then starts a new line. The scanf statement is very similar, but performs formatted input instead. For example,
scanf("%d",&i);
reads the value of i as a decimal integer from standard input. Its argument is &i (the address of i), rather than i itself, so that it can store a new value in this location. Otherwise it would not be able to change i.

The first argument of printf or scanf is a string with format codes in it.

the main industrial standardization organization in the United States. There are official ANSI standards in almost all industries, and many of them have to do with computers. In computer programming, ANSI most often refers to one of the following:

1. ANSI standard versions of C, FORTRAN, COBOL, or other programming languages. Typically, a particular manufacturer's version of a language will include all of the features defined in the ANSI standard, plus additional features devised by the manufacturer. To be easily transportable from one computer to another, a program should not use any features that are not in theANSI standard. The programmer can then produce executable versions of it for different types of computers by compiling the same program with different compilers.
2. ANSI standard escape sequences for controlling the screen of a computer terminal or microcomputer. An escape sequence is a series of character codes which, when sent to the screen, causes the screen to do something other than simply display the characters to which the codes correspond. The ANSI escape sequences all begin with theASCII Escape character (code 27). See ANSI screen control.
3. The ANSI extended character set used in MicrosoftWindows, and shown in Table 2. It includes all the ASCII characters plus many others. See ASCII ; IBM PC; Unicode; Windows (Microsoft).

To type any ANSI character in Microsoft Windows, hold down the Alt key while typing 0 followed by the character code number on the numeric keypad at the right-hand side of the keyboard. For example, to type é, hold down Alt and type 0233. You may prefer to use the Character Map utility to select characters and copy them to the Clipboard, and then paste them into your application.