Support for R&D: the government spends big to develop energy technology. Here is where it puts...

The federal government has historically encouraged and supported the development of domestic U.S. energy resources in many diverse ways. Federal incentives for energy production have taken the form of direct subsidies, regulation, tax incentives, market support, demonstration programs, research and development funding, procurement mandates, information generation and dissemination, technology transfer, directed purchases, and other types of actions.

Of the $644 billion (2003 dollars; all estimates quoted here are in constant 2003 dollars, unless otherwise noted, and ref