MAY 4-5, 2003 - INTERNATIONAL FEDERATION FOR STRUCTURAL CONCRETE (fib - federation international...

The issue of rehabilitation and upgrading the existing civil engineering infrastructure has been one of great importance for over a decade. Deterioration of bridge decks, beams, girders and columns, buildings, parking structures and others may be attributed to ageing, environmentally induced degradation, poor initial design and/or construction, lack of maintenance, and to accidental events such as earthquakes.

The infrastructure's increasing decay is frequently combined with the need for upgrading so that structures can meet more stringent design requirements (e.g. c